You may have more than one problem, so lets fix
the most important one first.
The fuel pump runs when the key is turned from "Off" to
"Run" with the engine not running.
By design AND for safety reasons the fuel pump control system was engineered so
that the fuel pump WOULD NOT RUN when the engine was not running. Consider this,
you are driving down the road and the fuel line breaks. The engine will run out
of fuel and shut down. If the fuel pump is still running you will pump fuel out
of the leak. This may not be important if the only thing you do is blow up your
Zed and yourself. What happens if you are in a collision with a mini-van loaded
with the midget hockey team?
The relay control system for 1978 and later has three relays: the E.F.I. Main
Relay, the Fuel Pump Control Relay and the Fuel Pump Relay. Current is supplied
to the injectors and the ECU anytime the ignition is in the "ON"
position. BUT, the Fuel Pump and Auxiliary Air Regulator will operate ONLY if
the engine is RUNNING or BEING CRANKED. The way in which "engine
running" is sensed is by monitoring the engine oil pressure and the
alternator output. If BOTH oil pressure and the alternator output are lost, the
Fuel Pump and Auxiliary Air Regulator will no longer receive current, even if
the key remains in the "ON" position. If only one is lost the Fuel
Pump and Auxiliary Air Regulator will continue to operate.
With the key in the "Start" position, the Ignition Relay activates the
EFI Main Relay to send power to the injectors and the ECU. Current is also sent
to the Fuel Pump Control Relay. The "S" terminal of the Ignition
Switch also sends current to the Fuel Pump Control Relay "S" terminal
and it energise the Fuel Pump Relay. Thus, during starting, the Fuel Pump will
run and the Aux. Air Regulator will get power even though there is no Alternator
Output or Oil Pressure.
With the key in the "ON" position and the ENGINE RUNNING current flows
through the E.F.I. Main Relay to the injectors and the ECU. Current also flows
to the Fuel Pump Control relay, which merely passes it on the Fuel Pump relay.
Thus the Fuel Pump and the Auxiliary Air Regulator continue to operate.
In the event of an alternator failure, one set of the windings in the Fuel Pump
Control relay will be grounded at the alternator "L" terminal. This
closes the corresponding contacts, BUT since the oil pressure switch is still
open, the second set of contacts in the Fuel Pump Control relay WILL NOT be
energised. The Fuel Pump relay will continue to receive current, and the Fuel
Pump will continue to operate.
On the other hand, if the engine oil pressure drops, the oil pressure switch
contacts will close. But, since the alternator output is normal, there will be
no additional current flow through the Fuel Pump Control relay and the Fuel Pump
will continue to operate.
Now, if the engine stops due to a severed fuel line, or simply dies during
warm-up, the alternator output will drop to zero. This grounds the first set of
windings in the Fuel Pump Control relay, closing the corresponding contacts.
Since the Oil Pressure Switch contact will close due to the loss of oil
pressure, current can now flow through the second set of windings. This causes
the double contact arm, in the Fuel Pump Control relay, to be pulled down to the
Fuel Pump Control relay "S" terminal. Since there is NO CURRENT at
this "S" terminal UNLESS the key is in the "Start" position,
current flow through the Fuel Pump relay windings will be interrupted, the
contacts WILL OPEN, and the Fuel Pump will SHUT DOWN.
Mentioned several times were the "Alternator "L" terminal"
and the "Oil Pressure Switch".
The Alternator "L" terminal is a transistor in the alternator. When
the engine is not running with the key in the "Run" position this
transistor is closed to ground. This is connected to the Idiot Light in the volt
meter and because the transistor is conducting to ground the light is on. This
transistor also provides a connection and a ground path for the first set of
windings in the Fuel Pump Control relay.
The Oil Pressure Switch is in the Oil Pressure Sending Unit. It has two wires
connected to it. The Yellow / Green wire goes the Oil Pressure Gauge to indicate
the engine oil pressure when the engine is running. The Brown wire goes to the
Oil Pressure Switch. This switch is CLOSED when there is no oil pressure. It
provides a ground path for the second set of windings in the Fuel Pump Control
relay. It also provides a ground path for the Oil Idiot Light in the dash Oil
Pressure Gauge.
Now having said all of this there is a design flaw in the whole thing.
If the alternator "L" terminal is conducting to ground (charging Idiot
Light ON) AND the Oil Pressure Switch is open (oil Idiot Light OFF) the Fuel
Pump will RUN when the key is switched from "OFF" to "Run"
even if the engine is not running.
If the alternator "L" terminal is conducting to ground (charging Idiot
Light ON) AND the Oil Pressure Switch is closed (oil Idiot Light ON) BUT there
is NO CONNECTION to ground at the Brown wire at the Fuel Pump Control relay, the
Fuel Pump will RUN when the key is switched from "OFF" to
"Run" even if the engine is not running.
Both of the above could be caused by several things such as, defective Oil
Pressure Switch (always open), defective Fuel Pump Control relay or a broken
wire somewhere between the Oil Pressure Switch and the Fuel Pump Control relay.
This is the way it worked from 1978 through 1981 280Z, 280ZX N/A's, 810's and
200SX's when they were built and this is the way they are supposed to work
today. PERIOD!
As far as your concern about the FPR hissing, at this point it is normal. Fix
your Fuel Pump Always Running problem first. If the fuel pump is always running
and the engine is not running no fuel will flow through the injectors and ALL
the fuel will try and flow back to the fuel tank. Since the FPR return orifice
is small the fuel pressure will be higher than "normal".
"Normal", in this instance would be ~ 37 PSI, with 0 inches of vacuum
at the FPR vacuum sense line. You are getting 40 PSI, so your pressure gauge
could be out by 3 PSI. You report 35 PSI when the engine is running BUT you also
MUST measure the amount of manifold vacuum that is reaching the vacuum sense
line of the FPR at the same time. If your intake manifold vacuum was in the area
of 10 to 15 inches then your fuel pressure would be in the range of 32 PSI. You
have to measure it.
Suppose you decide not to TEST and VERIFY and change the FPR with a brand new
one and end up with the same results. What is the next thing you would change?
Even worse would be swapping in another FPR that was used BUT defective, where
do you go from there.
Please, do yourself a favour, get a service manual before you drive yourself
crazy and try to not follow inaccurate advice.
Wayne Monteath
Masham, Quebec.